Increased Oral Care Needs and Third Molar Symptoms in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Finnish Gestational Diabetes Case-Control Study

Jenni Pukkila; Sanna Mustaniemi; Shilpa Lingaiah; Olli-Pekka Lappalainen; Eero Kajantie; Anneli Pouta; Risto Kaaja; Johan G Eriksson; Hannele Laivuori; Mika Gissler; Marja Vääräsmäki; Elina Keikkala

doi:10.3390/ijerph191710711

Increased Oral Care Needs and Third Molar Symptoms in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Finnish Gestational Diabetes Case-Control Study

Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Aug 28;19(17):10711. doi: 10.3390/ijerph191710711.

Authors

Jenni Pukkila^{1

2}, Sanna Mustaniemi^{1

2}, Shilpa Lingaiah^{1

2}, Olli-Pekka Lappalainen³, Eero Kajantie^{1

2

4

5}, Anneli Pouta^{1

6}, Risto Kaaja⁷, Johan G Eriksson^{8

9

10

11}, Hannele Laivuori^{12

13

14

15}, Mika Gissler^{16

17

18}, Marja Vääräsmäki^{1

2}, Elina Keikkala^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ PEDEGO Research Unit, Medical Research Centre Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland.
² Population Health, Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, 00271 Helsinki and 90220 Oulu, Finland.
³ Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.
⁴ Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.
⁵ Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7028 Trondheim, Norway.
⁶ Department of Government Services, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, 00271 Helsinki, Finland.
⁷ Internal Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, 20521 Turku, Finland.
⁸ Technology and Research, Agency for Science, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore 117609, Singapore.
⁹ Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Young Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore.
¹⁰ Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.
¹¹ Folkhälsan Research Center, 00250 Helsinki, Finland.
¹² Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Center for Child, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland.
¹³ Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Tampere University Hospital, 33520 Tampere, Finland.
¹⁴ Medical and Clinical Genetics, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.
¹⁵ Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.
¹⁶ Department of Knowledge Brokers, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, 00271 Helsinki, Finland.
¹⁷ Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, 104 35 Stockholm, Sweden.
¹⁸ Region Stockholm, Academic Primary Health Care Centre, 113 65 Stockholm, Sweden.

Abstract

(1) Hyperglycemia and oral pathology accelerate each other in diabetes. We evaluated whether gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with self-reported increased oral health care needs and oral symptoms, including third molar symptoms, during pregnancy. (2) Pregnant women with (n = 1030) and without GDM (n = 935) were recruited in this multicenter Finnish Gestational Diabetes study in 2009-2012. Of the women with GDM, 196 (19.0%) receiving pharmacological treatment, 797 (77.0%) receiving diet treatment and 233 (23.0%) with recurrent GDM were analyzed separately. Oral health was assessed using structured questionnaires and analyzed by multivariable logistic regression adjusted for background risk factors. (3) Women with GDM were more likely to report a higher need for oral care than controls (31.1% vs. 24.5%; odds ratio (OR) 1.39; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.14-1.69), particularly women with recurrent GDM (38.1% vs. 24.5%; OR 1.90; 95% CI 1.40-2.58). Women with pharmacologically treated GDM (46.9%) more often had third molar symptoms than controls (36.1%; OR 1.57; 95% CI 1.15-2.15) than women with diet-treated GDM (38.0%; OR 1.47; 95% CI 1.07-2.02). (4) GDM is associated with perceived oral care needs. Third molar symptoms were associated with pharmacologically treated GDM.

Keywords: diabetes; gestational; molar; oral health; self-report; third; women’s health.

Publication types

Multicenter Study
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Case-Control Studies
Diabetes, Gestational* / diagnosis
Diabetes, Gestational* / drug therapy
Diabetes, Gestational* / epidemiology
Female
Finland / epidemiology
Humans
Hyperglycemia*
Molar, Third
Pregnancy
Risk Factors

Grants and funding

This research received no external funding. The FinnGeDi study was funded by several institutions and foundations [17]: the Academy of Finland, Diabetes Research Foundation, Foundation for Pediatric Research, Juho Vainio Foundation, Novo Nordisk Foundation, Signe and Ane Gyllenberg Foundation, Sigrid Jusélius Foundation, Yrjö Jahnsson Foundation, Finnish Medical Foundation, Research Funds of Oulu University Hospital (state grants), Research Funds of Helsinki University Hospital (state grants), Medical Research Center Oulu and the Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare.